An Early Florida Adventure Story

The Fray Andrés De San Miguel Account

A rare eyewitness account of a journey from Spain to the Americas during the Spanish colonial period

Among documents of Florida’s Spanish colonial period, few eyewitness accounts exist. One of these, the 1595 narrative by Fray Andrés de San Miguel, expertly translated into English by John Hann, describes the two-year odyssey of a teenager from Spain across the Atlantic to Mexico, Havana, and Florida and finally back to Spain. The future friar’s account of his experiences as a young sailor brings to life the fleets of Spain and reveals how his journeys would change his life forever. It also provides vivid information about the Indigenous people of the Georgia and Florida coast.

After Andrés’s ship passed Cape Canaveral, it was battered by a four-day storm and separated from the fleet. The officers commandeered the only launch and escaped; the crew kept the ship afloat and improvised a box-like vessel in which 30 survivors reached shore near the mouth of the Altamaha River—more dead than alive for lack of food and water. The author offers detailed descriptions of the Guale Indians and of Mission San Pedro Mocama on Cumberland Island. He also provides vignettes of life in St. Augustine and, on his way to Havana, of encounters with South Florida Indians who came out to trade and with a gentlemanly English pirate. The adventure closes with Fray Andrés’ return to Cadiz, Spain, where he witnessed the 1596 British siege and burning of that port.

Only seventeen years old at the time of the voyage, Fray Andrés presents a cold-eyed view of the sailing experience in the sixteenth century, trenchant observations of the behavior of the ship’s officers and the circumstances of the survival of the crew, and insight into the ambitions, concerns, and religiosity of the Spaniards. The book includes Hann’s translation of a brief introductory essay written by Fray Andrés’ Mexican publisher, telling of the young man’s entry into the Carmelites and his later life as a church architect, builder, and hydrographic expert involved in the drainage of the valley of Mexico City.